In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate commenced publishing the Kampan batabiya shinbun, a translated edition of a extensively dispersed Dutch newspaper. These two papers were being posted for foreigners, and contained only overseas news. Mussolini was a former editor; his Fascist regime (1922–1943) took whole control of the media in 1925. https://arqmjec.salesmanwiki.com/9197861/about_bulletins